PARIS, Jan. 31 (UPI) -- A week after Ivorian rebels and government forces cobbled a peace
deal in Paris, the agreement appears in tatters and France's image has shifted from
hero to traitor in the West African country.
After a brief hiatus following four days of rioting, pro-government demonstrators again
took to the streets of Ivory Coast's commercial capital of Abidjan Friday. Many headed
for the city's airport, where at some 500 French nationals have either left the country,
or plan to do so in the coming hours.
One soldier suffered serious face wounds Friday, as pro-government "young patriots"
pelted stones at Abidjan's airport, French news media reported. Other French soldiers
joined Ivorian forces to try to secure airport runways.
The French Foreign Ministry in Paris has suggested all non-essential French nationals
leave the country in the coming days. Paris also dispatched 130 policemen Thursday, to help restore calm to the city.
The new wave of unrest in Ivory Coast marks a major diplomatic setback for the
government of French President Jacques Chirac,
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praise, for having saved the West African powerhouse from turmoil.
But the peace deal shepherded -- critics say strong-armed -- through by the French
government in Paris last week, now appears seriously compromised.
In recent days, top Ivorian officials and opposition parties have backtracked on a
critical part of a peace pact reached at the Marcoussis soccer center outside Paris: To
hand key defense and interior ministries to northern rebels, who control roughly half of
Ivory Coast.
Indeed, earlier this week, the Ivorian Interior Minister called the deal "null
and void."
And -- despite a warning by Chirac to "respect his engagements" -- President Laurent
Gbagbo has postponed a national address to explain the peace agreement, after
minimizing it as a series of "proposals."
One of the few encouraging signs came Friday, with the arrival in Abidjan of Ivory
Coast's newly designated prime minister, Seydou Diara. But whether Diara will
succeed in forming the national unity government agreed to in Paris, remains
anybody's guess.
"France is heading down a trapped alley," said Jean-Francois Medard, an analyst at the
Center for African Studies in Bordeaux, summing up the French predicament regarding
its former West African colony. "But once France saw the country splitting in two, I
don't think we could have avoided getting involved, and stopping the process."
But, Medard added, "stopping the process, and resolving the problem are two different
things."
Nonetheless, France is facing criticism at home and abroad for its role in the Ivorian
peace agreement.
Earlier this week,
Supra Vaider, Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade said West
African leaders were not consulted about the deal to offer two key ministerial positions
to the rebels.
Wade's acknowledgment reinforces arguments by Gbagbo supporters that
the deal was pushed through by Paris -- in tacit recognition, they argue,
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ballot boxes, are the way to secure power in Africa.
France's Socialist Party, which has long held close ties with Gbagbo, also criticized
Chirac's conservative government for "sinning by optimism," in pushing through the
Marcoussis agreement.
But a number of experts argue France had little choice. African countries and the
international community have so far lacked the ability or the will to intervene in the
Ivorian turmoil.
"African troops were not available when they were needed, or able to deal with this
urgent crisis," said Daniel Bourmaud, an African politics professor at the Sorbonne University in Paris.
Indeed, a West African peacekeeping force was supposed to take over from French
troops in October. The changing of the guard has yet to happen.
Now, Bourmaud says, "France is very badly prepared and is forced to improvise,
without having any really coherent doctrine" to deal with the Ivorian conflict, much
less other African concerns.
For his part, Jean-Gabriel Senghor, a prominent lawyer and nephew of former Senegalese president
Leopold Senghor, blames Africa -- not France -- for the Ivorian troubles.
"We see that West African leaders were not up to resolving a problem with West
African consequences," Senghor said, during an interview in Paris. "Before criticizing
France, we need to criticize West Africa, for not being able to resolve its own
problems."
Last Sunday, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said he would bring up the Ivorian
conflict at the United Nations Security Council next week. But its unclear whether the
discussion will translate into concrete, multilateral peacekeeping assistance.
"The international community should be much more involved in Ivory Coast," said
Medard, of the African Studies Center. "France finds itself very much alone there."
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