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The Reason Most ITB mixes don't Sound as good as Analog mixes. This is a repost from another thread. Hope you find it usefull.

Ok, I'm going to try and give you An ITB education, as my over 24 years has taught me. Here is what I try and teach to students. I'll try and keep the math to a minimum.

First, I own a high end analog setup's Via an SSL 4K with 1/2 '2 Track YADA YADA,burberry soldes, ICON with Killer OB FX And classic Compressors, YADA YADA / Hybrid Setup Via AWS 900w / 24 Channels Of Xlogic Killer OTB FX and Comps YADA YADA. Point is not to impress, or brag in any way, but to let you know everyday I work on a verity of systems. This has led me to The Following conclusion.

To learn to mix ITB coming from an analog world you must revisit what Voltage reference Analog consoles work at, and make appropriate adjustments to translate this to work ITB.

The first thing we must ask is simply what is 0VU. What does it mean to us. Lets use an SSL G + as our point of reference mainly because I work on those every day. If we put a signal into the line input of the SSL so the channel meter reads 0vu, that also, is referenced as +4 or 1.23 volts. A kick ass SSL will go out to about +24 DB, so we have approximately 20 DB of headroom above the 0 VU point on the meter before the signal goes to crap.

Now let take a common situation. A Client hands you a Protools session and you spread it out over the SSL console. Like most people today every track is recorded as hot as hell. Most pro Eng's will use proper gain staging and get the now slammed meters reading around 0VU or 1.23 volts. By lowering the line trim we now have a good level into the desk so we can Compress / Gate / EQ the Signal without it overloading the processing. Sounds simple right? Remember that all outboard equipment was designed to work around the 0VU / +4 / 1.23 Volt reference. So by putting the incoming signal at around this reference, your rack equipment will work better as well.

Why use a +4 reference? Well remember that the 1.23 volt reference came from the tube days where 1.23 volts was enough voltage over the plate noise that you still had a good signal to noise ratio, but still left room above 1.23 volts to allow for normal audio operations.

Now to ITB. Lets pretend we have the same setup as we did on the SSL. Client hands you a session that's recorded hot as hell. Now most folks mixing ITB don't understand reference levels when relating it to Digital. To have the same amount of volts at -20 from 0DBFS or the top of the Digital scale.

So if you simply place the good old trim plugin as the very first plugin, you now have the ability to adjust your tracks to our Mixing (+ 4/1.23 volt) reference IE -20. Just like you did on the SSL. You have have the same amount of headroom. Now with your tracks properly gain staged, you can add EQ / dynamic plugins and not run out of headroom. You can also insert hardware and they will operate much better as they are operating at the level they were designed to operate at.

Plugins use the same reference at real equipment. Never try and drive them to the top of the Digital scale. Don't try and make your mix look like a master. You don't do that on an analog console, so why do we do it ITB?

The answer is simple. DAW meters suck Butt. There should be a meter mode in all DAW's that makes the meter at 3/4 scale equal -20 at 1.23 volts. Just like the old VU. This way, novices will quit corn-holeing their levels.

Something to think about. The noise floor of an analog desk is about -75 DB from our +4 reference. Our equivalent analog has more Digital mix right to the top of the scale is like running your SSL mix buss where the VU meters are slammed all the way to the right and you are constantly hitting it at +25. No one will get a good sounding running the desk like that . You won't get a good sounding mix in digital either.

So what does all this mean? Put simply, proper gain staging is essential to both analog and digital mixing. You just need to correlate the references between the two. Once you figure this out, I'll Guarantee your mixes will start to sound open and wide, just like the good old analog days.

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affection translation :

Why Analog Devices mix is better than computer
first of all from the principle of the computer talk, I have over 24 years of experience in this regard, I try to avoid you talk about mathematics. (Because the computer will always talk about mathematics.)

First of all, talk about my equipment (some equipment I do not know) an SSL 4000, icon, not that we say icon, another icon of a high-end seems to be the mixer comes with classic hardware compression, SSL aws 900 table, comes with effect and Niubi of compression. Not to boast, just to let everyone know that my equipment, I work in a real environment. I got the following have to view. mixing

to one with many years of analog devices to learn on the computer, you must understand that many of the basic principle of the circuit level to the knowledge of analog equipment to on a computer mixing. Simulation equipment for all processing in fact change the voltage of the electrical signal, which is the basis for everything.

a computer mixing I asked the question is in the end 0VU on the computer into what. And what are the analog devices. Let's use an SSL G Series on a level table to illustrate the problem, because of this I am most familiar, and I use them every day. If I were in G mixer line input (line in) input a signal VU meter shows zero, means that we could call it a +4 signal, or a 1.23-volt signal. The maximum signal of SSL mixer is 24dB, which means we probably have 20dB of headroom, more than this level will overload.
assume a general situation, the customer handed you a Pro Tools project file, your project file to follow the track to connect to your SSL mixer. Today most of the recordings are loud no longer rang,casque dr dre, just sound terrible! Experienced professional engineers are aware of the track attenuator level attenuation 0vu or called voltage of about 1.23V. (Each track decay as much as is not the same? Each rail are attenuation to 0VU or bus to 0vu? Looking fellow teachers answer) attenuation finished, the track level relatively comfortable with the, at this time and then start EQ compression gate limit this time the bus will not overload. Looks simple is not? Remember, all analog devices, (That is in addition to the design of the outside of the computer equipment) is to let him work in the +4 signal or 1.23v voltage level. The signal close to this level, your rack equipment, the mixer will work better.
Why use a +4 signal? This comes from a very early, when there are a lot of tube equipment. The low noise of each piece of equipment than it is now. If the signal is also 1.23v is 0vu when both allow signal to noise ratio is relatively high, 0vu above will have more headroom.
now for the computer, let's say it and SSL settings is the same. The customer gave you the same project file, sound is terrible. Now most of the guys did not know the digital signal should be better at what power level. For the same 20dB of headroom, we should be critical point of the design of digital signal level point in the distortion level (that is, more than distortion) below 20dB place.
so, you should mix on the computer to insert plug-in is a high-quality attenuator, so that you can get and I use SSL level standard, the same with 20dB of Headroom . (Here, why not use the sliders and use a separate attenuator?) Now that you have set up each track level, you come back with the EQ compression threshold will not let the bus overload. You can also insert the hardware to connect the computer sound card effect, they also work in the most appropriate level.
plug-in works in all computers and hardware are the same, so do not let them deal with for a long time the signal is larger than 0vu, do not do mastering things and mix it. Analog mixer, you will not do this, why do you want on the computer so it? level table of
computer has a major flaw is 0 level is the highest point,supra, the fact is-20dB, places, and old-fashioned vu table, so that the novice is not blind pursuit of the big level.
Think of additional questions: Analog Devices low noise-75dB, +4 signal. The low noise of the computer may-100dB,abercroombie, or even lower, so you can record whispered the voice without having to worry about the low noise problems. People always say the analog devices Headroom is more wrong! Headroom is only with your device is low-noise. Remember that if the volume is small, put your speakers to open the big points!
in the mix when the level in the distortion of the critical point hovering around like when using SSL mixer vu table has been in the right, continue to let the level hit +25 position. Mixer mixing time, if the level is so high, the sound is not good! The mixer is not good, certainly not a good sound on the computer,mercurial vapor!
so much in the end to say? Very simple, appropriate attenuation level of digital and analog mixing are important. As long as you establish a conversion relationship between these two standards. Once you understand the relationship between them, I guarantee that your mix will start again wide they open, just like the analog age.
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